Worksheet+for+Fever+1793

 2009 Project with Literature Circle Reading Fever 1793         What is Yellow Fever Yellow Fever Epidemic of 1793 The collision of a set of otherwise innocuous circumstances can lead to an epidemic that was the worst in the history of the city. In 1793 Philadelphia had a wet spring, leaving behind swamps and stagnant pools that became breeding grounds for mosquitoes. At the same time, refugees who carried the yellow fever virus were fleeing to Philadelphia from the Revolution in Santo Domingo (now Haiti). At some point in the summer if 1793, a female //aedes aegypti// (the mosquito carrier of yellow fever) bit an infected refugee. When this mosquito later bit a Philadelphian, she passed along the deadly yellow fever virus. On August 17, 1793, Philadelphia's renowned Dr. Benjamin Rush conferred with two other local doctors about a disease that he had observed over the last two weeks. Symptoms included fever, nausea, skin eruptions, black vomit, incontinence, jaundice-and finally death. In those early weeks of the epidemic the disease centered ||  || on the waterfront district. Rush and his fellow physicians diagnosed the disease as yellow fever and suspected the cause to be putrefied air-miasma-from a spoiled cargo of Santo Domingo coffee that had been dumped on the docks.

Rush believed that the seriousness of the outbreak called for drastic purging and bleeding-removing as much as four-fifth of an infected person's blood. Dr. Currie and his followers prescribed milder treatments.

From mid-August to late September, over 600 more Philadelphians died from the fever. Half the population fled the city. Those who remained lived in constant dread of falling ill. Philadelphian Mathew Carey wrote later: "Acquaintances and friends avoided each other on the streets, and only signified their regard by a cold nod. The old custom of shaking hands fell into such general disuse that many were affronted at even the offer of a hand." In an effort to stem the spread of the virus, the city's hospital and the almshouse refused entry to yellow fever victims. A special fever hospital was set up at Andrew Hamilton's estate on Bush Hill, organized by a French physician, Dr. Deveze, familiar with yellow fever.

Meanwhile, Dr. Rush persuaded prominent African-American clergymen Absolom Jones and Richard Allen that Blacks were immune to the fever (as many believed at the time) and could safely assist in care of the victims. Encouraged by the ministers, African Americans worked as nurses and as carters of dead bodies during the epidemic. But the immunity was an illusion; soon African American Philadelphians were also dying in great numbers.

By November, when the epidemic receded, probably 5000 Philadelphians had died, more than 10% of population. The next summer yellow fever returned, but not as severely, and also in 1796 and 1797. Another severe epidemic came in 1798, killing 1292 Philadelphians. By this time, the advantages of flight were clear. At the peak of the 1798 epidemic all but 7000 residents had left the city.

**//__ Fever 1793 __//**
 * //__ By: Desiree’ __//**

Fever 1793 takes place in Philadelphia. It all started when a Philadelphian woman was bitten by a mosquito and then spread it on to other people. Some of the symptoms were fever, nausea, skin eruptions, black vomit, incontinence, jaundice, and finally death. Dr. BenjaminRush believed that the seriousness of the outbreak called for drastic purging and bleeding as much as four-fifth of an infected person's blood. Dr. Currie, another noted physician, and his followers prescribed milder treatments. From mid-October to late September more than 600 people died from this disease. By November, when the epidemic receded, probably 5000 Philadelphians had died, more than 10% of the population. The next summer yellow fever returned, but not as severely, and also in 1796 and 1797. Another severe epidemic came in 1798, killing 1292 Philadelphians. By this time, the advantages of flight were clear. At the peak of the 1798 epidemic all but 7000 residents had left the city. That is the story of the fever of 1793.

**// __Fever 1793__ //**
 * //__<span style="font-family: 'Cheap Fire','sans-serif'; font-size: 24pt; line-height: 115%;">By: Austin __//**

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cheap Fire','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">A fever broke out in Philadelphia in 1793. A woman was bitten by a mosquito and then passed the germ on to other people. People tried to run away to Santo Domingo which is now Haiti, but two other doctors were trying to observe the disease. The disease had many kinds of effects like: nausea, skin eruptions, black vomit, incontinence, jaundice, and then death. Over 600 Philadelphians died of the fever. A special hospital was set up at Andrew Hamilton

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Arial','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">’

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cheap Fire','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%;">s estate on Bush Hill. Later a doctor named Dr. Benjamin Rush persuaded African-Americans, Absolom

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cheap Fire','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Jones and

<span style="display: block; font-family: 'Cheap Fire','sans-serif'; font-size: 20pt; line-height: 115%; mso-bidi-font-family: Tahoma;">Richard Allen, that they were immune to the fever. They could take care of the people that had the fever. However, African-Americans as well as Philadelphians began to die of the fever. In November more than 5000 Philadelphians had died, and that was more than 10% of the population. The fever returned in 1796. Another epidemic came up in 1798 and killed 1292 Philadelphians. By1798 7000 residents were fleeing the city.

=**Fever 1793**=

=A deadly fever broke out in Philadelphia in 1793. Some thought it the stench of the spoiled coffee that was brought in by the cargo ships from Santo Damingo. That year Philadelphia had a wet spring, which gave mosquitoes swamps and stagnate pools to use as breeding grounds. At the same time refugees that carried yellow fever virus were fleeing from the Revolution of Santo Domingo which is Haiti today. At some point in the summer if 1793, a female aedes aegypti (the mosquito carrier of yellow fever) bit an infected refugee. by Emmanuel ingo. That year Philadelphia had a wet spring, which gave mosquitoes swamps and stagnate pools to use as breeding grounds. At the same time refugees that carried yellow fever virus were fleeing from the Revolution of Santo Domingo which is Haiti today. At some point in the summer if 1793, a female aedes aegypti (the mosquito carrier of yellow fever) bit an infected refugee. by Emmanuel=